Optimization of the Preparation Conditions of Aluminum-Impregnated Food Waste Biochar Using RSM with an MLP and Its Application in Phosphate Removal

Phosphorus is an essential macroelement in plant growth and the human body, but excessive water enrichment with phosphorus a global threat to quality. To address this problem, development of efficient, affordable adsorbent for use removing large amounts from eutrophic necessary. Food-waste-based adsorbents offer sustainable solution because they utilize waste as valuable resource. This study explored food biochar novel additional aluminum impregnation (Al–FWB) enhance its phosphate adsorption capacity. employed response surface methodology (RSM) optimize synthetic conditions Al–FWB highest identification optimal using RSM, quadratic equations multi-layer perceptron (MLP). The pyrolysis temperature Al concentration significantly (p < 0.05) affected capacity AL–FWB. preparation AL–FWB were temperature, duration, 300 °C, 0.5 h, 6%, respectively, based on equation MLP models. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that was adsorbed via formation AlPO4. optimized (Opt-AL–FWB) removed 99.6% displayed maximum 197.8 mg/g, which comparable those reported previous studies. Additionally, Opt-AL–FWB independent pH solution, presence 10 mM SO42– decreased by 15.5%. provides not only efficient removal also green, economical reusability. In summary, demonstrates potential effective, sustainable, contaminated water.